Which test is most appropriate for screening lead exposure in a child at risk from living in an old, lead-painted home?

• A. Blood lead level test
• B. Urine lead test
• C. X-ray
• D. Skin biopsy

Answer: (A)

Measuring lead in the blood is the best way to detect exposure in a child at risk because it directly reflects the amount of lead circulating in the body and indicates recent exposure. This simple blood test is the standard screening tool used to identify elevated lead levels and guide further public health actions, environmental assessment, and treatment if needed. Urine testing isn’t a reliable indicator of body lead burden in children, since lead excretion in urine can be variable and doesn’t accurately reflect total exposure. X-ray can reveal some complications of heavy, long-term exposure but isn’t a screening method for lead burden. Skin biopsy isn’t relevant to assessing lead exposure.